Eugenio Luigi Iorio
International Observatory of Oxidative Stress, Italy
Title: Oxidative stress and immune system. A review from the literature
Biography
Biography: Eugenio Luigi Iorio
Abstract
Most of biological processes are related to the so-called redox reactions, where one or more electrons alone or bound to a proton as hydrogen atom are transferred from a chemical species, i.e. the reducing species, to another chemical species, i.e. the oxidizing species. The transfer of a couple of electrons is related to energy metabolism being: the oxidation linked to the catabolism and to ATP production, and the reduction bound to the anabolism and to ATP expenditure. The transfer of an electron alone is related to the metabolism of the so-called reactive species that are involved in the pathophysiology of stress i.e. the global response of a living organism to internal/environmental demands or pressures (stressors). At molecular level stress response implies also the production of reactive species which main role is to mediate the cell response to endogenous and/or exogenous physical, chemical and biological stressors through a fine-tuning of cell signaling/transduction and inflammatory/immune/toxic responses (Figure 1). Therefore, any disturbance in one-electron transfer reactions can lead to the improper oxidation of target molecules (including lipids, proteins and nuclei acids) and hence to the “oxidative di-stress” or “oxidative stress” as such, an emerging health risk factor that is related to early aging and at least one hundred different diseases, including immune diseases. Oxidative stress does not show any specific clinical picture but can be diagnosed in clinical routine only by means of specific laboratory tests according to the novel approach of Redoxomics.
Figure 1. Oxidative stress response in the innate immune system.
References:
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2. Rahal A, Kumar A, Singh V, Yadav B, Tiwari R, et Al. Oxidative stress, prooxidants, and antioxidants. The interplay. BioMed Res Internat. 2014. Article ID 761264, 19 pages.
3. Nishida M, Kumagai Y, Ihara H, Fujii S, Motohashi H, et Al. Redox signaling regulated by electrophiles and reactive sulfur species. J Clin Biochem Nutr. 2016. 58(2): 91–98.
4. Colucci R, Dragoni F, Moretti S. Oxidative stress and immune system in vitiligo and thyroid diseases. Oxidat Med Cell Longev. 2015. ID 631927.
5. Iorio EL, Marin MG. Redoxomics. An integrated and practical approach to genomics, metabolomics and lipidomics to manage oxidative stress. 2008. Gen-T. 2: 67.