Cellular Immunology is a study of cellular immune responses in vitro and in vivo. It is concerned with the immunological activities of cells in clinical situations or experimental. It focuses on the topics like  Antigen receptor sites  Autoimmunity, Delayed-type hypersensitivity or cellular immunity,  Immunologic deficiency states and their reconstitution, Immunologic surveillance and tumor immunity, Immunomodulation,  Lymphocytes and cytokines, Immunotherapy,   No antibody immunity, Resistance to intracellular microbial and viral infection, Parasite immunology, Thymus and lymphocyte immunobiology, Transplantation immunology,  Tumor immunity.

Immunogenetics is the branch of science that deals with the relationship between the immune system and their genetics. Immungenetics comprise all processes of an organism, which are controlled and influenced by the genes of the organism. Immunogenetics focuses on autoimmune diseases, such as type 1 diabetes, are complex genetic traits which result from defects in the immune system. Defining the immune defects, Identification of genes, may identify new target genes for therapeutic approaches in future.

Tumour immunology defines the interaction among cells of the immune system with tumour cells. The tumour microenvironment is a main aspect of cancer biology that contributes to tumour initiation, tumour progression and responses to therapy. Tumours are groups of abnormal cells that form lumps. Different kinds of tumours grow and behave differently, depending on whether they are non-cancerous or cancerous. 

Biochemistry is the study of science that explores the chemical processes in living organisms. It’s a laboratory based science that carries together biology and chemistry and deals with the structures and functions of cellular components such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids and biomolecules. Biochemistry focuses at a molecular level like what’s happening inside our cells and how cells communicate with each other.

Molecular biology is the study of biology at a molecular level and deals with connections between the various systems of the cell including the interactions between DNA, RNA and protein synthesis.

Molecular medicine is the application of molecular biology, genetics and molecular immunology to the understanding of human health and disease. It aims to understand of normal body function and disease pathogenesis at the cellular and molecular levels. Its objective is to develop a novel understanding of good health and through a better understanding of disease processes and ways of prevention, diagnosing and treating diseases.

The global molecular medicine kits and reagents market is expected to grow at a CAGR of ~7% from 2013 to 2018.

Molecular biomarkers have been defined as cellular, biochemical or molecular alterations that are measurable in biological media such as human tissues, cells or fluids. In practice biomarkers include tools and technologies are used for various purposes, including disease diagnosis and prognosis, prediction and assessment of treatment response and safety assessment also in the nervous system there is a wide range of techniques that used for taking information about the brain in both the healthy and diseased state. Biomarkers applications are in field of diagnosis and management of cardiovascular diseases, infections, immunological, some genetic disorders and cancer are well known. Biomarkers also assist in neuroscience to diagnosis and treatment of nervous system disorders and to investigate their cause. 

Immunodermatology studies skin as an organ of immunity in health and disease. Immunodermatology testing is important for the correct diagnosis and treatment of numerous diseases affecting epithelial organs including skin, mucous membranes, gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts.

Transplantation means removing something from one position and introducing it in another position. It is the act of transferring cells, tissues, or organs from one place to another place. The inserted tissue or organ is known as graft. Organs which can be transplanted are heart, kidneys, liver, lungs, pancreas, penis, eyes and intestine.

Osteoimmunology studies the interface between the skeletal system and the immune system. It also studies shared components and mechanisms among the two systems in vertebrates, including ligands, receptors, signaling molecules and transcription factors. Clinical osteoimmunology is also a field that studies the treatment or prevention of the bone associated diseases caused by disorders of the immune system.

Molecular oncology is a flied of medical speciality at the interface of medicinal chemistry and oncology that refers to the investigation of the chemistry of cancer and tumors at the molecular scale. Cellular Oncology deals with both biomedical and clinical portion also translational cancer research on the cell and tissue level. This includes a variety of fields like genome technology, micro-arrays and other high-throughput techniques, SNP, DNA methylation, signaling pathways, DNA organization, (sub)microscopic imaging, proteomics, bioinformatics, functional effects of genomics, drug design, molecular diagnostics and targeted cancer therapies, genotype-phenotype interactions.

Immunohematology is more frequently known as blood banking is a branch of hematology which studies antigen-antibody reactions and analogous phenomena as they similar to the pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of blood disorders. Immunohaematology is a study of the immunology and genetics of blood groups, blood cell antigens and antibodies and specific blood proteins especially important in blood banking and transfusion medicine.

Autoimmune disease is a pathological state arising from an abnormal immune response of the body to substances and tissues that are normally present in the body. Any disease that results from such an unusual immune response is termed an autoimmune disease. Autoimmune disease can affect nearly any part of the body, including the heart, brain, nerves, joints, skin, glands, eyes, muscles, lungs, kidneys, the digestive tract and blood vessels. 

Vaccinology describes vaccine development and how the immune system retorts to vaccines, but also includes ongoing evaluation of immunization programs, vaccine safety and effectiveness, as well as surveillance of the epidemiology of vaccine-preventable diseases. It derives from epidemiology, immunology, infectious disease, virology, preventive medicine, paediatrics and public health.

Cancer immunology is an area of immunology that studies relations between the immune system and cancer cells. It is a field of research that objects to discover cancer immunotherapies to treat and retard progression of the disease. The immune system is the body’s first line of defense against most diseases and infectious invaders.

Microbial immunology is the study of the molecular mechanisms used by microbes to cause disease in humans and animals. Bacterial, protozoan, fungal and viral pathogens have developed a wide variety of tools to establish themselves in the host and gain nutrients, which also cause impairment and disease. To understand the complex processes used by microbial pathogens, microbiologists and immunologists employ all the tools of modern molecular biology, genetics, virulence factors, drug interactions, biochemistry and biophysics. Understanding how microbes cause disease is often the first step toward the development of new vaccines and therapeutics and its cover all aspects of the interrelationship between infectious agents and their hosts.

Pediatric immunology is the branch of pediatrics dealing with study, diagnosis, original translational, clinical, and epidemiologic research on very common chronic illnesses of children like, asthma and allergies, as well as many rare diseases. It highlights the developmental implications of the morphological, physiological, pharmacological, and sociological components of these problems.

Cellular therapy is a therapy in which cellular material is inserted into a patient, its means intact, living cells. The main motto of cell therapy is to introduce cells into the body that will grow and replace damaged tissue. Organs and glands are used in cell treatment include brain, pituitary, thyroid, heart, pancreas, adrenals, thymus, liver, kidney, spleen, ovary and testis.

Immunological techniques are the wide varieties of methods and focused experimental protocols developed by immunologists for inducing, measuring, and characterizing immune responses. The most common immunological methods relate to the production and use of antibodies to identify particular proteins in biological samples. They allow the immunologists to alter the immune system through cellular, molecular and genetic manipulation.

Computational immunology is a field of science that incorporates high-throughput genomic and bioinformatics methods to immunology, its involves the development and application of bioinformatics methods, mathematical models and statistical techniques for the study of immune system biology.

Haematopoietic and lymphoid malignancies are tumors that affect the blood, bone marrow, lymph, and lymphatic system. Malignancies of the hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues include the leukemias, myeloproliferative neoplasms, plasma cell dyscrasias and dendritic cell neoplasms.

Immunological disorders are diseases or conditions triggered by a dysfunction of the immune system and contain allergy, asthma, autoimmune diseases, autoinflammatory syndromes and immunological deficiency syndromes it’s also known as immunoproliferative diseases or immunoproliferative neoplasms.

Industrial Immunology is the study of how the body defends itself against disease. It helps us understand how the immune system is tricked into attacking its own tissue, leading to diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes or allergy.